El Niño 2026

The El Niño phenomenon corresponds to a warm phase of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system, characterized by an anomalous increase in sea surface temperature in the equatorial region. These variations can modify atmospheric circulation patterns and generate significant impacts on climate at regional and global scales, affecting variables such as air temperature, precipitation, winds, and ocean conditions.

Throughout 2026, continuous monitoring of ocean and atmospheric conditions is essential to assess the evolution of this phenomenon and its potential effects on marine ecosystems, fisheries, aquaculture, and coastal activities. Systematic observation using satellite data, ocean buoys, numerical models, and forecasting systems allows for anticipating environmental changes and supporting evidence-based decision-making.

This section presents updated information on the status of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, including relevant ocean and atmospheric indicators, trend analyses, and monitoring products that contribute to understanding its evolution and impact on the region.